Role of Women in the Chola Empire

Historian Anirudh Kanisetti’s book, Lords of Earth and Sea: A History of the Chola Empire, highlights different aspects of the Chola Empire, especially emphasizing the important contributions of women like Sembiyan Mahadevi.

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Key Points 

• The Chola dynasty (9th to 13th centuries CE), one of the longest-ruling empires in Indian history, 
• Founded by: Karikala Chola 
• Region: Primarily Tamil Nadu
• Rise of Chola Dynasty: The Chola Dynasty began its significant rise during the reign of the Vijayalaya Chola
• The dynasty reached its zenith under Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014 CE) and his son Rajendra Chola I (1014–1044 CE).

 

Role of Women in the Chola Empire

• Sembiyan Mahadevi, a queen of Gandaraditya Chola (circa 950–957 CE), was a pivotal figure during a transformative period in the Chola dynasty.
• Following the untimely demise of Gandaraditya, she emerged as a regent for her son, Madhurantaka Uttama Chola 
• She is credited with commissioning the construction of various temples, including the Kailasanathar Temple in Tamil Nadu.
• Kundavai, the sister of Rajaraja I, was a trusted advisor to her brother and played a crucial role in supporting his administration.
• She generously donated to the establishment of Vedic schools and medical institutions. 

 

About Chola Administration

• The Chola empire was divided into 
  • Mandalams (provinces), 
  • Valanadus (districts), and 
  • Nadu (villages). 
• The local self-government system in villages, known as the ur, sabha, and nagaram, was a hallmark of their administration.